Leading Causes of Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a sudden and often reversible decline in kidney function. It can occur rapidly, sometimes within hours or days, and can be a life-threatening condition if left untreated. Understanding the leading causes of acute renal failure is crucial for prevention and prompt management.

Shifa Nephrology Associates LLC in Chicago is at the forefront of kidney care. Our team of dedicated professionals is recognized as some of the best nephrologists, kidney doctors and CKD specialists in the Midwest.

Below are some of the primary factors contributing to this serious health issue.

Pre-Renal Causes

Pre-renal causes are related to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which can impair their ability to filter waste. Some common pre-renal causes include:

• Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake, extreme heat, or excessive fluid loss (vomiting or diarrhea) can lead to dehydration, which reduces blood flow to the kidneys.
• Heart Failure: Poor cardiac function can decrease blood circulation, leading to inadequate kidney perfusion.
• Sepsis: This severe infection can cause low blood pressure and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
• Hypovolemia: Conditions leading to significant blood loss, such as trauma, can reduce blood volume and, consequently, kidney perfusion.

Renal Causes

Renal causes involve direct damage to the kidney tissues, often due to toxins, inflammation or infection. Key renal causes include:

• Nephrotoxic Drugs: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), some antibiotics and contrast dyes used in imaging studies, can damage kidney cells.
• Acute Glomerulonephritis: Inflammatory conditions affecting the glomeruli can impair kidney function and lead to AKI.
• Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Often caused by ischemia or nephrotoxins, ATN is a common form of AKI where the kidney tubules become damaged.

Post-Renal Causes

Post-renal causes are related to obstruction in the urinary tract, which can prevent urine from flowing out of the kidneys. Potential post-renal causes include:

• Kidney Stones: Obstruction from stones can lead to a buildup of urine and increased pressure in the kidneys.
• Enlarged Prostate: In men, prostate enlargement can block the flow of urine, leading to kidney injury.
• Tumors: Growths in or around the urinary tract can impede urine flow, resulting in damage to the kidneys.

Risk Factors for Acute Renal Failure

Certain individuals are at increased risk of developing acute renal failure, including:

• Patients with pre-existing kidney conditions
• Elderly individuals
• Those with chronic illnesses like diabetes and hypertension
• Individuals undergoing major surgeries or extensive medical interventions

What Are the Symptoms of AKI?

Symptoms of acute renal failure can vary, but some common indications include:

• Decreased urine output
• Swelling due to fluid retention
• Fatigue and weakness
• Confusion or altered mental status
• Nausea and vomiting

Chicago IL Acute Renal Failure | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute renal failure (AKI) is a serious condition with various causes, and recognizing these can help prevent and manage AKI. If you’re experiencing symptoms suggestive of kidney issues, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in recovery and long-term kidney health.

If you or someone you know is at risk for kidney issues, consider discussing preventive strategies with a healthcare professional. Regular check-ups and monitoring can help catch potential problems before they escalate into acute renal failure. If you are experiencing troubling symptoms, contact Shifa Nephrology Associates LLC right away for an evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.